Struct Stdio 

pub struct Stdio(Stdio);

Describes what to do with a standard I/O stream for a child process when passed to the stdin, stdout, and stderr methods of Command.

Tuple Fields

0: Stdio

Implementations

impl Stdio

pub fn piped() -> Stdio

A new pipe should be arranged to connect the parent and child processes.

Examples

With stdout:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "Hello, world!\n");
// Nothing echoed to console

With stdin:

use std::io::Write;
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let mut child = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::piped())
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("Failed to spawn child process");

let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().expect("Failed to open stdin");
std::thread::spawn(move || {
    stdin.write_all("Hello, world!".as_bytes()).expect("Failed to write to stdin");
});

let output = child.wait_with_output().expect("Failed to read stdout");
assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "!dlrow ,olleH");

Writing more than a pipe buffer’s worth of input to stdin without also reading stdout and stderr at the same time may cause a deadlock. This is an issue when running any program that doesn’t guarantee that it reads its entire stdin before writing more than a pipe buffer’s worth of output. The size of a pipe buffer varies on different targets.

pub fn inherit() -> Stdio

The child inherits from the corresponding parent descriptor.

Examples

With stdout:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "");
// "Hello, world!" echoed to console

With stdin:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
use std::io::{self, Write};

let output = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .output()?;

print!("You piped in the reverse of: ");
io::stdout().write_all(&output.stdout)?;

pub fn null() -> Stdio

This stream will be ignored. This is the equivalent of attaching the stream to /dev/null.

Examples

With stdout:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::null())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "");
// Nothing echoed to console

With stdin:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::null())
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "");
// Ignores any piped-in input

pub fn makes_pipe(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (stdio_makes_pipe)

Returns true if this requires Command to create a new pipe.

Example

#![feature(stdio_makes_pipe)]
use std::process::Stdio;

let io = Stdio::piped();
assert_eq!(io.makes_pipe(), true);

Trait Implementations

impl Debug for Stdio

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl From<ChildStderr> for Stdio

fn from(child: ChildStderr) -> Stdio

Converts a ChildStderr into a Stdio.

Examples

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .arg("non_existing_file.txt")
    .stderr(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("failed reverse command");

let cat = Command::new("cat")
    .arg("-")
    .stdin(reverse.stderr.unwrap()) // Converted into a Stdio here
    .output()
    .expect("failed echo command");

assert_eq!(
    String::from_utf8_lossy(&cat.stdout),
    "rev: cannot open non_existing_file.txt: No such file or directory\n"
);

impl From<ChildStdin> for Stdio

fn from(child: ChildStdin) -> Stdio

Converts a ChildStdin into a Stdio.

Examples

ChildStdin will be converted to Stdio using Stdio::from under the hood.

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("failed reverse command");

let _echo = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(reverse.stdin.unwrap()) // Converted into a Stdio here
    .output()
    .expect("failed echo command");

// "!dlrow ,olleH" echoed to console

impl From<ChildStdout> for Stdio

fn from(child: ChildStdout) -> Stdio

Converts a ChildStdout into a Stdio.

Examples

ChildStdout will be converted to Stdio using Stdio::from under the hood.

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let hello = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("failed echo command");

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(hello.stdout.unwrap())  // Converted into a Stdio here
    .output()
    .expect("failed reverse command");

assert_eq!(reverse.stdout, b"!dlrow ,olleH\n");

impl From<File> for Stdio

fn from(file: File) -> Stdio

Converts a File into a Stdio.

Examples

File will be converted to Stdio using Stdio::from under the hood.

use std::fs::File;
use std::process::Command;

// With the `foo.txt` file containing "Hello, world!"
let file = File::open("foo.txt")?;

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(file)  // Implicit File conversion into a Stdio
    .output()?;

assert_eq!(reverse.stdout, b"!dlrow ,olleH");

impl From<OwnedFd> for Stdio

fn from(fd: OwnedFd) -> Stdio

Takes ownership of a file descriptor and returns a Stdio that can attach a stream to it.

impl From<PipeReader> for Stdio

fn from(pipe: PipeReader) -> Stdio

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<PipeWriter> for Stdio

fn from(pipe: PipeWriter) -> Stdio

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Stderr> for Stdio

fn from(inherit: Stderr) -> Stdio

Redirect command stdout/stderr to our stderr

Examples

#![feature(exit_status_error)]
use std::io;
use std::process::Command;

let output = Command::new("whoami")
    .stdout(io::stderr())
    .output()?;
output.status.exit_ok()?;
assert!(output.stdout.is_empty());

impl From<Stdout> for Stdio

fn from(inherit: Stdout) -> Stdio

Redirect command stdout/stderr to our stdout

Examples

#![feature(exit_status_error)]
use std::io;
use std::process::Command;

let output = Command::new("whoami")
    .stdout(io::stdout())
    .output()?;
output.status.exit_ok()?;
assert!(output.stdout.is_empty());

impl FromRawFd for Stdio

unsafe fn from_raw_fd(fd: i32) -> Stdio

Constructs a new instance of Self from the given raw file descriptor.

Layout

Note: Most layout information is completely unstable and may even differ between compilations. The only exception is types with certain repr(...) attributes. Please see the Rust Reference's “Type Layout” chapter for details on type layout guarantees.

Size: 8 bytes