zebrad/commands/

start.rs

//! `start` subcommand - entry point for starting a zebra node
//!
//! ## Application Structure
//!
//! A zebra node consists of the following major services and tasks:
//!
//! Peers:
//!  * Peer Connection Pool Service
//!    * primary external interface for outbound requests from this node to remote peers
//!    * accepts requests from services and tasks in this node, and sends them to remote peers
//!  * Peer Discovery Service
//!    * maintains a list of peer addresses, and connection priority metadata
//!    * discovers new peer addresses from existing peer connections
//!    * initiates new outbound peer connections in response to demand from tasks within this node
//!  * Peer Cache Service
//!    * Reads previous peer cache on startup, and adds it to the configured DNS seed peers
//!    * Periodically updates the peer cache on disk from the latest address book state
//!
//! Blocks & Mempool Transactions:
//!  * Consensus Service
//!    * handles all validation logic for the node
//!    * verifies blocks using zebra-chain, then stores verified blocks in zebra-state
//!    * verifies mempool and block transactions using zebra-chain and zebra-script,
//!      and returns verified mempool transactions for mempool storage
//!  * Inbound Service
//!    * primary external interface for inbound peer requests to this node
//!    * handles requests from peers for network data, chain data, and mempool transactions
//!    * spawns download and verify tasks for each gossiped block
//!    * sends gossiped transactions to the mempool service
//!
//! Blocks:
//!  * Sync Task
//!    * runs in the background and continuously queries the network for
//!      new blocks to be verified and added to the local state
//!    * spawns download and verify tasks for each crawled block
//!  * State Service
//!    * contextually verifies blocks
//!    * handles in-memory storage of multiple non-finalized chains
//!    * handles permanent storage of the best finalized chain
//!  * Old State Version Cleanup Task
//!    * deletes outdated state versions
//!  * Block Gossip Task
//!    * runs in the background and continuously queries the state for
//!      newly committed blocks to be gossiped to peers
//!  * Progress Task
//!    * logs progress towards the chain tip
//!
//! Block Mining:
//!  * Internal Miner Task
//!    * if the user has configured Zebra to mine blocks, spawns tasks to generate new blocks,
//!      and submits them for verification. This automatically shares these new blocks with peers.
//!
//! Mempool Transactions:
//!  * Mempool Service
//!    * activates when the syncer is near the chain tip
//!    * spawns download and verify tasks for each crawled or gossiped transaction
//!    * handles in-memory storage of unmined transactions
//!  * Queue Checker Task
//!    * runs in the background, polling the mempool to store newly verified transactions
//!  * Transaction Gossip Task
//!    * runs in the background and gossips newly added mempool transactions
//!      to peers
//!
//! Remote Procedure Calls:
//!  * JSON-RPC Service
//!    * answers RPC client requests using the State Service and Mempool Service
//!    * submits client transactions to the node's mempool
//!
//! Zebra also has diagnostic support:
//! * [metrics](https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/blob/main/book/src/user/metrics.md)
//! * [tracing](https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/blob/main/book/src/user/tracing.md)
//! * [progress-bar](https://docs.rs/howudoin/0.1.1/howudoin)
//!
//! Some of the diagnostic features are optional, and need to be enabled at compile-time.

use std::sync::Arc;

use abscissa_core::{config, Command, FrameworkError};
use color_eyre::eyre::{eyre, Report};
use futures::FutureExt;
use tokio::{pin, select, sync::oneshot};
use tower::{builder::ServiceBuilder, util::BoxService, ServiceExt};
use tracing_futures::Instrument;

use zebra_chain::block::genesis::regtest_genesis_block;
use zebra_consensus::router::BackgroundTaskHandles;
use zebra_rpc::{methods::RpcImpl, server::RpcServer, SubmitBlockChannel};

use crate::{
    application::{build_version, user_agent, LAST_WARN_ERROR_LOG_SENDER},
    components::{
        health,
        inbound::{self, InboundSetupData, MAX_INBOUND_RESPONSE_TIME},
        mempool::{self, Mempool},
        sync::{self, show_block_chain_progress, VERIFICATION_PIPELINE_SCALING_MULTIPLIER},
        tokio::{RuntimeRun, TokioComponent},
        ChainSync, Inbound,
    },
    config::ZebradConfig,
    prelude::*,
};

#[cfg(feature = "internal-miner")]
use crate::components;

/// Start the application (default command)
#[derive(Command, Debug, Default, clap::Parser)]
pub struct StartCmd {
    /// Filter strings which override the config file and defaults
    #[clap(help = "tracing filters which override the zebrad.toml config")]
    filters: Vec<String>,
}

/// Warns if Linux TCP slow-start-after-idle is enabled, which significantly
/// reduces single-peer throughput for block propagation.
///
/// See `book/src/user/troubleshooting.md`.
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
fn check_tcp_slow_start_after_idle() {
    const PATH: &str = "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_slow_start_after_idle";

    let raw = match std::fs::read_to_string(PATH) {
        Ok(raw) => raw,
        Err(error) => {
            debug!(
                ?error,
                path = PATH,
                "could not read TCP sysctl, skipping check"
            );
            return;
        }
    };

    if raw.trim() == "0" {
        return;
    }

    warn!(
        setting = "net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle",
        "TCP slow-start-after-idle is enabled, which resets TCP's congestion window \
         between block requests and significantly reduces single-peer throughput for \
         block propagation. \
         Hint: set `net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0` via sysctl. \
         See https://zebra.zfnd.org/user/troubleshooting.html#linux-tcp-tuning-for-block-propagation"
    );
}

#[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
fn check_tcp_slow_start_after_idle() {}

impl StartCmd {
    async fn start(&self) -> Result<(), Report> {
        check_tcp_slow_start_after_idle();

        let config = APPLICATION.config();
        let is_regtest = config.network.network.is_regtest();

        let config = if is_regtest {
            Arc::new(ZebradConfig {
                mempool: mempool::Config {
                    debug_enable_at_height: Some(0),
                    ..config.mempool
                },
                ..Arc::unwrap_or_clone(config)
            })
        } else {
            config
        };

        info!("initializing node state");
        let (_, max_checkpoint_height) = zebra_consensus::router::init_checkpoint_list(
            config.consensus.clone(),
            &config.network.network,
        );

        info!("opening database, this may take a few minutes");

        let (state_service, read_only_state_service, latest_chain_tip, chain_tip_change) =
            zebra_state::init(
                config.state.clone(),
                &config.network.network,
                max_checkpoint_height,
                config.sync.checkpoint_verify_concurrency_limit
                    * (VERIFICATION_PIPELINE_SCALING_MULTIPLIER + 1),
            )
            .await;

        info!("logging database metrics on startup");
        read_only_state_service.log_db_metrics();

        let state = ServiceBuilder::new()
            .buffer(Self::state_buffer_bound())
            .service(state_service);

        info!("initializing network");
        // The service that our node uses to respond to requests by peers. The
        // load_shed middleware ensures that we reduce the size of the peer set
        // in response to excess load.
        //
        // # Security
        //
        // This layer stack is security-sensitive, modifying it can cause hangs,
        // or enable denial of service attacks.
        //
        // See `zebra_network::Connection::drive_peer_request()` for details.
        let (setup_tx, setup_rx) = oneshot::channel();
        let inbound = ServiceBuilder::new()
            .load_shed()
            .buffer(inbound::downloads::MAX_INBOUND_CONCURRENCY)
            .timeout(MAX_INBOUND_RESPONSE_TIME)
            .service(Inbound::new(
                config.sync.full_verify_concurrency_limit,
                setup_rx,
            ));

        let (peer_set, address_book, misbehavior_sender) = zebra_network::init(
            config.network.clone(),
            inbound,
            latest_chain_tip.clone(),
            user_agent(),
        )
        .await;

        // Start health server if configured (after sync_status is available)

        info!("initializing verifiers");
        let (tx_verifier_setup_tx, tx_verifier_setup_rx) = oneshot::channel();
        let (block_verifier_router, tx_verifier, consensus_task_handles, max_checkpoint_height) =
            zebra_consensus::router::init(
                config.consensus.clone(),
                &config.network.network,
                state.clone(),
                tx_verifier_setup_rx,
            )
            .await;

        info!("initializing syncer");
        let (mut syncer, sync_status) = ChainSync::new(
            &config,
            max_checkpoint_height,
            peer_set.clone(),
            block_verifier_router.clone(),
            state.clone(),
            latest_chain_tip.clone(),
            misbehavior_sender.clone(),
        );

        info!("initializing mempool");
        let (mempool, mempool_transaction_subscriber) = Mempool::new(
            &config.mempool,
            peer_set.clone(),
            state.clone(),
            tx_verifier,
            sync_status.clone(),
            latest_chain_tip.clone(),
            chain_tip_change.clone(),
            misbehavior_sender.clone(),
        );
        let mempool = BoxService::new(mempool);
        let mempool = ServiceBuilder::new()
            .buffer(mempool::downloads::MAX_INBOUND_CONCURRENCY)
            .service(mempool);

        if tx_verifier_setup_tx.send(mempool.clone()).is_err() {
            warn!("error setting up the transaction verifier with a handle to the mempool service");
        };

        info!("fully initializing inbound peer request handler");
        // Fully start the inbound service as soon as possible
        let setup_data = InboundSetupData {
            address_book: address_book.clone(),
            block_download_peer_set: peer_set.clone(),
            block_verifier: block_verifier_router.clone(),
            mempool: mempool.clone(),
            state: state.clone(),
            latest_chain_tip: latest_chain_tip.clone(),
            misbehavior_sender,
        };
        setup_tx
            .send(setup_data)
            .map_err(|_| eyre!("could not send setup data to inbound service"))?;
        // And give it time to clear its queue
        tokio::task::yield_now().await;

        // Create a channel to send mined blocks to the gossip task
        let submit_block_channel = SubmitBlockChannel::new();

        // Launch RPC server
        let (rpc_impl, mut rpc_tx_queue_handle) = RpcImpl::new(
            config.network.network.clone(),
            config.mining.clone(),
            config.rpc.debug_force_finished_sync,
            build_version(),
            user_agent(),
            mempool.clone(),
            state.clone(),
            read_only_state_service.clone(),
            block_verifier_router.clone(),
            sync_status.clone(),
            latest_chain_tip.clone(),
            address_book.clone(),
            LAST_WARN_ERROR_LOG_SENDER.subscribe(),
            Some(submit_block_channel.sender()),
        );

        let rpc_task_handle = if config.rpc.listen_addr.is_some() {
            RpcServer::start(rpc_impl.clone(), config.rpc.clone())
                .await
                .expect("server should start")
        } else {
            tokio::spawn(std::future::pending().in_current_span())
        };

        // TODO: Add a shutdown signal and start the server with `serve_with_incoming_shutdown()` if
        //       any related unit tests sometimes crash with memory errors
        let indexer_rpc_task_handle = {
            if let Some(indexer_listen_addr) = config.rpc.indexer_listen_addr {
                info!("spawning indexer RPC server");
                let (indexer_rpc_task_handle, _listen_addr) = zebra_rpc::indexer::server::init(
                    indexer_listen_addr,
                    read_only_state_service.clone(),
                    latest_chain_tip.clone(),
                    mempool_transaction_subscriber.clone(),
                )
                .await
                .map_err(|err| eyre!(err))?;

                indexer_rpc_task_handle
            } else {
                warn!("configure an indexer_listen_addr to start the indexer RPC server");
                tokio::spawn(std::future::pending().in_current_span())
            }
        };

        // Start concurrent tasks which don't add load to other tasks
        info!("spawning block gossip task");
        let block_gossip_task_handle = tokio::spawn(
            sync::gossip_best_tip_block_hashes(
                sync_status.clone(),
                chain_tip_change.clone(),
                peer_set.clone(),
                Some(submit_block_channel.receiver()),
            )
            .in_current_span(),
        );

        info!("spawning mempool queue checker task");
        let mempool_queue_checker_task_handle = mempool::QueueChecker::spawn(mempool.clone());

        info!("spawning mempool transaction gossip task");
        let tx_gossip_task_handle = tokio::spawn(
            mempool::gossip_mempool_transaction_id(
                mempool_transaction_subscriber.subscribe(),
                peer_set.clone(),
            )
            .in_current_span(),
        );

        info!("spawning delete old databases task");
        let mut old_databases_task_handle = zebra_state::check_and_delete_old_state_databases(
            &config.state,
            &config.network.network,
        );

        info!("spawning progress logging task");
        let (chain_tip_metrics_sender, chain_tip_metrics_receiver) =
            health::ChainTipMetrics::channel();
        let progress_task_handle = tokio::spawn(
            show_block_chain_progress(
                config.network.network.clone(),
                latest_chain_tip.clone(),
                sync_status.clone(),
                chain_tip_metrics_sender,
            )
            .in_current_span(),
        );

        // Start health server if configured
        info!("initializing health endpoints");
        let (health_task_handle, _) = health::init(
            config.health.clone(),
            config.network.network.clone(),
            chain_tip_metrics_receiver,
            sync_status.clone(),
            address_book.clone(),
        )
        .await;

        // Spawn never ending end of support task.
        info!("spawning end of support checking task");
        let end_of_support_task_handle = tokio::spawn(
            sync::end_of_support::start(config.network.network.clone(), latest_chain_tip.clone())
                .in_current_span(),
        );

        // Give the inbound service more time to clear its queue,
        // then start concurrent tasks that can add load to the inbound service
        // (by opening more peer connections, so those peers send us requests)
        tokio::task::yield_now().await;

        // The crawler only activates immediately in tests that use mempool debug mode
        info!("spawning mempool crawler task");
        let mempool_crawler_task_handle = mempool::Crawler::spawn(
            &config.mempool,
            peer_set,
            mempool.clone(),
            sync_status.clone(),
            chain_tip_change.clone(),
        );

        info!("spawning syncer task");
        // In regtest, commit the genesis block directly (bypassing the syncer's genesis
        // download, which requires a connected peer). Then run the syncer normally so
        // that multi-hop block propagation works: gossiped blocks that arrive out of
        // order (e.g. only the latest tip hash was gossiped) will be recovered by the
        // syncer using block locators within REGTEST_SYNC_RESTART_DELAY (2 seconds).
        if is_regtest
            && !syncer
                .state_contains(config.network.network.genesis_hash())
                .await?
        {
            let genesis_hash = block_verifier_router
                .clone()
                .oneshot(zebra_consensus::Request::Commit(regtest_genesis_block()))
                .await
                .expect("should validate Regtest genesis block");

            assert_eq!(
                genesis_hash,
                config.network.network.genesis_hash(),
                "validated block hash should match network genesis hash"
            )
        }
        let syncer_task_handle = tokio::spawn(syncer.sync().in_current_span());

        // And finally, spawn the internal Zcash miner, if it is enabled.
        //
        // TODO: add a config to enable the miner rather than a feature.
        #[cfg(feature = "internal-miner")]
        let miner_task_handle = if config.mining.is_internal_miner_enabled() {
            info!("spawning Zcash miner");
            components::miner::spawn_init(&config.metrics, rpc_impl)
        } else {
            tokio::spawn(std::future::pending().in_current_span())
        };

        #[cfg(not(feature = "internal-miner"))]
        // Spawn a dummy miner task which doesn't do anything and never finishes.
        let miner_task_handle: tokio::task::JoinHandle<Result<(), Report>> =
            tokio::spawn(std::future::pending().in_current_span());

        info!("spawned initial Zebra tasks");

        // TODO: put tasks into an ongoing FuturesUnordered and a startup FuturesUnordered?

        // ongoing tasks
        pin!(rpc_task_handle);
        pin!(indexer_rpc_task_handle);
        pin!(syncer_task_handle);
        pin!(block_gossip_task_handle);
        pin!(mempool_crawler_task_handle);
        pin!(mempool_queue_checker_task_handle);
        pin!(tx_gossip_task_handle);
        pin!(progress_task_handle);
        pin!(end_of_support_task_handle);
        pin!(miner_task_handle);

        // startup tasks
        let BackgroundTaskHandles {
            mut state_checkpoint_verify_handle,
        } = consensus_task_handles;

        let state_checkpoint_verify_handle_fused = (&mut state_checkpoint_verify_handle).fuse();
        pin!(state_checkpoint_verify_handle_fused);

        let old_databases_task_handle_fused = (&mut old_databases_task_handle).fuse();
        pin!(old_databases_task_handle_fused);

        // Wait for tasks to finish
        let exit_status = loop {
            let mut exit_when_task_finishes = true;

            let result = select! {
                rpc_join_result = &mut rpc_task_handle => {
                    let rpc_server_result = rpc_join_result
                        .expect("unexpected panic in the rpc task");
                    info!(?rpc_server_result, "rpc task exited");
                    Ok(())
                }

                rpc_tx_queue_result = &mut rpc_tx_queue_handle => {
                    rpc_tx_queue_result
                        .expect("unexpected panic in the rpc transaction queue task");
                    info!("rpc transaction queue task exited");
                    Ok(())
                }

                indexer_rpc_join_result = &mut indexer_rpc_task_handle => {
                    let indexer_rpc_server_result = indexer_rpc_join_result
                        .expect("unexpected panic in the indexer task");
                    info!(?indexer_rpc_server_result, "indexer rpc task exited");
                    Ok(())
                }

                sync_result = &mut syncer_task_handle => sync_result
                    .expect("unexpected panic in the syncer task")
                    .map(|_| info!("syncer task exited")),

                block_gossip_result = &mut block_gossip_task_handle => block_gossip_result
                    .expect("unexpected panic in the chain tip block gossip task")
                    .map(|_| info!("chain tip block gossip task exited"))
                    .map_err(|e| eyre!(e)),

                mempool_crawl_result = &mut mempool_crawler_task_handle => mempool_crawl_result
                    .expect("unexpected panic in the mempool crawler")
                    .map(|_| info!("mempool crawler task exited"))
                    .map_err(|e| eyre!(e)),

                mempool_queue_result = &mut mempool_queue_checker_task_handle => mempool_queue_result
                    .expect("unexpected panic in the mempool queue checker")
                    .map(|_| info!("mempool queue checker task exited"))
                    .map_err(|e| eyre!(e)),

                tx_gossip_result = &mut tx_gossip_task_handle => tx_gossip_result
                    .expect("unexpected panic in the transaction gossip task")
                    .map(|_| info!("transaction gossip task exited"))
                    .map_err(|e| eyre!(e)),

                // The progress task runs forever, unless it panics.
                // So we don't need to provide an exit status for it.
                progress_result = &mut progress_task_handle => {
                    info!("chain progress task exited");
                    progress_result
                        .expect("unexpected panic in the chain progress task");
                }

                end_of_support_result = &mut end_of_support_task_handle => end_of_support_result
                    .expect("unexpected panic in the end of support task")
                    .map(|_| info!("end of support task exited")),

                // We also expect the state checkpoint verify task to finish.
                state_checkpoint_verify_result = &mut state_checkpoint_verify_handle_fused => {
                    state_checkpoint_verify_result
                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!(
                            "unexpected panic checking previous state followed the best chain"));

                    exit_when_task_finishes = false;
                    Ok(())
                }

                // And the old databases task should finish while Zebra is running.
                old_databases_result = &mut old_databases_task_handle_fused => {
                    old_databases_result
                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!(
                            "unexpected panic deleting old database directories"));

                    exit_when_task_finishes = false;
                    Ok(())
                }

                miner_result = &mut miner_task_handle => miner_result
                    .expect("unexpected panic in the miner task")
                    .map(|_| info!("miner task exited")),
            };

            // Stop Zebra if a task finished and returned an error,
            // or if an ongoing task exited.
            if let Err(err) = result {
                break Err(err);
            }

            if exit_when_task_finishes {
                break Ok(());
            }
        };

        info!("exiting Zebra because an ongoing task exited: asking other tasks to stop");

        // ongoing tasks
        rpc_task_handle.abort();
        rpc_tx_queue_handle.abort();
        health_task_handle.abort();
        syncer_task_handle.abort();
        block_gossip_task_handle.abort();
        mempool_crawler_task_handle.abort();
        mempool_queue_checker_task_handle.abort();
        tx_gossip_task_handle.abort();
        progress_task_handle.abort();
        end_of_support_task_handle.abort();
        miner_task_handle.abort();

        // startup tasks
        state_checkpoint_verify_handle.abort();
        old_databases_task_handle.abort();

        info!(
            "exiting Zebra: all tasks have been asked to stop, waiting for remaining tasks to finish"
        );

        exit_status
    }

    /// Returns the bound for the state service buffer,
    /// based on the configurations of the services that use the state concurrently.
    fn state_buffer_bound() -> usize {
        let config = APPLICATION.config();

        // Ignore the checkpoint verify limit, because it is very large.
        //
        // TODO: do we also need to account for concurrent use across services?
        //       we could multiply the maximum by 3/2, or add a fixed constant
        [
            config.sync.download_concurrency_limit,
            config.sync.full_verify_concurrency_limit,
            inbound::downloads::MAX_INBOUND_CONCURRENCY,
            mempool::downloads::MAX_INBOUND_CONCURRENCY,
        ]
        .into_iter()
        .max()
        .unwrap()
    }
}

impl Runnable for StartCmd {
    /// Start the application.
    fn run(&self) {
        info!("Starting zebrad");
        let rt = APPLICATION
            .state()
            .components_mut()
            .get_downcast_mut::<TokioComponent>()
            .expect("TokioComponent should be available")
            .rt
            .take();

        rt.expect("runtime should not already be taken")
            .run(self.start());

        info!("stopping zebrad");
    }
}

impl config::Override<ZebradConfig> for StartCmd {
    // Process the given command line options, overriding settings from
    // a configuration file using explicit flags taken from command-line
    // arguments.
    fn override_config(&self, mut config: ZebradConfig) -> Result<ZebradConfig, FrameworkError> {
        if !self.filters.is_empty() {
            config.tracing.filter = Some(self.filters.join(","));
        }

        Ok(config)
    }
}